The ultra-conservative Wahhabism religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called "the predominant feature of Saudi culture", with its global spreading largely financed by the oil and gas trade.Saudi Arabia is sometimes called "the Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi the two holiest places in Islam.
The Kingdom has a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million are Saudi nationals and 8 million are foreigners.Petroleum was discovered in 1938 and followed up by several other finds in the Shia-majority Eastern Province.Saudi Arabia has since become the world's largest oil producer and exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves, and the sixth largest gas reserves. The kingdom is categorized as a World Bank high-income economy with a high Human Development Index, and is the only Arab country to be part of the G-20 major economies. However, the economy of Saudi Arabia is the least diversified in the Gulf Cooperation Council, lacking any significant service or production sector apart from the extraction of resources.A monarchical autocracy Saudi Arabia has the fourth highest military expenditure in the worldand in 2010–14, SIPRI found that Saudi Arabia was the world's second largest arms importer. Saudi Arabia is considered a regional and middle power. In addition to the GCC, it is an active member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC. The country has attracted criticism for its lack of democratic freedom, with a "Not Free" ranking by Freedom Ho the status of women in Saudi society, as well as its usage of capital punishment.
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